{"_meta":{"country":"Luxembourg","urlToken":"lu","currency":"EUR","distanceUnit":"km","annualKm":15000,"asOf":"2026-07-02","note":"Kernel-ready Luxembourg data (metric: km-as-miles + mpg=100/(L/100km) -> EUR). LU's defining trap is CHEAP FUEL, not expensive electricity: Luxembourg deliberately keeps road-fuel excise low (fuel-tourism regime) and publishes a national MAXIMUM pump price, so the honest LU petrol figure is EUR 1.629/L (E10, petrol.lu / Ministere de l'Economie, effective 2026-07-01) - materially below France/Germany. Inheriting FR's higher pump price would dishonestly flatter every EV, so the true LU ceiling is used. Electricity is the mirror trap: LU household power is volatile as the state price-cap tapers off (Eurostat: LU household electricity +31.3% H1-2024->H1-2025 then -15.8% H2-2025; lowest, negative -6.3% tax share in the EU). Rather than a cap-era low or a spike high, EUR 0.270/kWh (GlobalPetrolPrices all-in, Sept-2025) is used as the honest national blend. Single petrol fuel modeled = Euro 95 / SP95-E10; diesel (EUR 1.592/L, petrol.lu) DOCUMENTED but NOT modeled because the single-fuel kernel costs one petrol price (a diesel row at the petrol price would be dishonest). No universal regulated off-peak residential tariff sourced, so off-peak left OFF (single national all-in rate). residualRetention curves are ESTIMATE: EU-typical (Autovista/CarEdge EU pattern of steeper BEV depreciation), no LU-specific resale study sourced - flagged estimate, never a fabricated national figure or a luxury default. maintenancePerMile and insuranceAnnual adapted from the FR sibling template (no LU-local figure sourced) - proxy, flagged. Klimabonus MobilitEit re-sourced as LU's OWN grant (EUR 8,000 <16 kWh/100km, 3,000 for 16-18, 0 above 18; order cut-off 2026-06-30) - modeled per-vehicle by real WLTP consumption and shown SEPARATELY, never added into headline totals. Net effect: cheap petrol + non-trivial electricity narrows the EV energy-cost win, so the 5-yr verdict is genuinely close and often favours efficient HEVs (Corolla Hybrid) or the cheapest ICE (Sandero) once BEV depreciation is counted. Sources: petrol.lu / Ministere de l'Economie (fuel); GlobalPetrolPrices + Eurostat (electricity); guichet.public.lu / klima-agence.lu / toyota.lu (Klimabonus); manufacturer EU/LU price lists (MSRP+specs). All accessed 2026-06-30.","fleetExpansion2026_07":"+7 models added 2026-07-02: per-country Opus research, independently re-verified (price + efficiency re-fetched from official sources) before inclusion; calcOnly entries are calculator-selectable without dedicated pages.","luxuryExpansion2026_07":"+2 luxury models 2026-07-02 (per-country Opus research, independently re-verified; exotics excluded by policy)."},"rate":{"name":"Luxembourg","electricityRatePerKWh":0.27,"gasPricePerGallon":1.629,"fuelPerLitre":1.629,"baseRegFee":0,"evRoadUseFee":0,"dieselPerLitre":1.61,"dieselSource":"carbu.com official Grand-Duché maximum price 07-Jul-2026: diesel €1.610/L (petrol €1.646)"},"assumptions":{"chargingLossPct":{"value":0.1},"residualRetention":{"BEV":[1,0.72,0.62,0.54,0.48,0.44,0.4,0.37,0.34,0.31,0.29],"HEV":[1,0.78,0.68,0.6,0.54,0.49,0.45,0.41,0.37,0.34,0.31],"PHEV":[1,0.75,0.65,0.57,0.5,0.45,0.41,0.37,0.34,0.31,0.28],"ICE":[1,0.79,0.69,0.61,0.54,0.48,0.43,0.39,0.35,0.32,0.29]},"maintenancePerMile":{"BEV":0.0125,"ICE":0.0375,"HEV":0.0333,"PHEV":0.035},"insuranceAnnual":{"BEV":818,"ICE":735,"PHEV":820,"HEV":760},"regFeesAnnualBase":{"value":0},"publicVsHomeRateMultiple":{"value":2.5}},"incentives":[{"name":"Klimabonus MobilitEit - prime vEhicule 100% Electrique (BEV purchase grant)","amountLocal":6000,"status":"active","note":"LU's OWN grant (NOT France's bonus ecologique). Administered by the Ministere de l'Environnement, du Climat et de la Biodiversite. For 100% electric passenger cars: EUR 6,000 if WLTP consumption < 16 kWh/100km, EUR 3,000 if 16-18 kWh/100km, EUR 0 above 18 kWh/100km. Capped at 50% of the vehicle's VAT-excluded price. Also EUR 1,500 for a used BEV >= 3 years old. Eligibility: the scheme was extended to orders through 2030-06-30 (registered in LU before 2027-06-30) and the top band reduced to EUR 6,000, per the gouvernement.lu communiqué of 2026-03-20 (Conseil de gouvernement decision 2026-02-20, bill tabled 2026-03-27). The EUR 6,000 amount is current/firm; the extension to 2030-06-30 is the government-published position (guichet.public.lu static fiche lags and still shows the old 2026 window); confirm current terms before purchase. Modeled per-vehicle by real WLTP consumption (Kona 16.6 and i4 16.1 land in the 3,000 band, not 6,000) and shown SEPARATELY, never added into headline 5-yr totals. Sources: guichet.public.lu (Prime pour l'achat d'un vehicule electrique), klima-agence.lu, toyota.lu/klimabonus - accessed 2026-06-30. Confirm current terms before purchase."},{"name":"Taxe sur les vEhicules routiers - BEV minimum","amountLocal":-30,"status":"active","note":"Annual road-tax formula tax = a x b x c on CO2 g/km yields 0 for BEVs, but a EUR 30/yr statutory minimum applies to pure-electric / fuel-cell cars. No CO2 purchase malus for BEVs at registration. Source: douanes.public.lu (taxe sur les vehicules automoteurs) - accessed 2026-06-30. Small and applied across powertrains; not headline-modeled."}],"regionRows":[],"vehicles":[{"id":"renault-5-etech-comfort-range","slug":"renault-5-etech-comfort-range","name":"Renault 5 E-Tech electric (52 kWh)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":30490,"segment":"City BEV hatch","range":410,"kwhPer100mi":14,"kwhPer100km":14,"effDisplay":"14,0 kWh/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"vw-id3-neo-pro","slug":"vw-id3-neo-pro","name":"Volkswagen ID.3 Neo (Pro, 59 kWh)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":34990,"segment":"Compact BEV hatch","range":417,"kwhPer100mi":14.5,"kwhPer100km":14.5,"effDisplay":"14,5 kWh/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"skoda-elroq-50-essential","slug":"skoda-elroq-50-essential","name":"Skoda Elroq 50 (Essential, 55 kWh)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":33900,"segment":"Compact BEV SUV","range":375,"kwhPer100mi":15.5,"kwhPer100km":15.5,"effDisplay":"15,5 kWh/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"hyundai-kona-electric-65","slug":"hyundai-kona-electric-65","name":"Hyundai Kona Electric (65 kWh)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":36900,"segment":"Compact BEV SUV","range":454,"kwhPer100mi":16.6,"kwhPer100km":16.6,"effDisplay":"16,6 kWh/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"cupra-born-restyle-58","slug":"cupra-born-restyle-58","name":"Cupra Born (58 kWh)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":40070,"segment":"Compact BEV hatch","range":420,"kwhPer100mi":15.6,"kwhPer100km":15.6,"effDisplay":"15,6 kWh/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"skoda-enyaq-85","slug":"skoda-enyaq-85","name":"Skoda Enyaq (85, 82 kWh)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":36490,"segment":"Mid-size BEV SUV","range":561,"kwhPer100mi":15.8,"kwhPer100km":15.8,"effDisplay":"15,8 kWh/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"tesla-model-3-rwd","slug":"tesla-model-3-rwd","name":"Tesla Model 3 (RWD)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":36990,"segment":"Mid-size BEV sedan","range":520,"kwhPer100mi":13.2,"kwhPer100km":13.2,"effDisplay":"13,2 kWh/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"tesla-model-y-rwd","slug":"tesla-model-y-rwd","name":"Tesla Model Y (RWD)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":44990,"segment":"Mid-size BEV SUV","range":500,"kwhPer100mi":15,"kwhPer100km":15,"effDisplay":"15,0 kWh/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"bmw-i4-edrive40","slug":"bmw-i4-edrive40","name":"BMW i4 (eDrive40)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":59900,"segment":"Premium BEV sedan","range":590,"kwhPer100mi":16.1,"kwhPer100km":16.1,"effDisplay":"16,1 kWh/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"toyota-corolla-hatchback-hybrid","slug":"toyota-corolla-hatchback-hybrid","name":"Toyota Corolla Hatchback 1.8 Hybrid","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":29990,"segment":"Compact hybrid hatch","range":null,"mpg":21.739,"lPer100km":4.6,"effDisplay":"4,6 L/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"toyota-corolla-cross-hybrid","slug":"toyota-corolla-cross-hybrid","name":"Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":34490,"segment":"Compact hybrid SUV","range":null,"mpg":18.868,"lPer100km":5.3,"effDisplay":"5,3 L/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"dacia-sandero-tce-90","slug":"dacia-sandero-tce-90","name":"Dacia Sandero TCe 90 (petrol)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":13500,"segment":"City petrol hatch","range":null,"mpg":18.182,"lPer100km":5.5,"effDisplay":"5,5 L/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"ford-puma-ecoboost-hybrid-125-titanium","slug":"ford-puma-ecoboost-hybrid-125-titanium","name":"Ford Puma 1.0 EcoBoost Hybrid 125 Titanium","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":28090,"segment":"Compact petrol SUV","mpg":18.519,"lPer100km":5.4,"effDisplay":"5,4 L/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"ford-explorer-standard-range-rwd-52","slug":"ford-explorer-standard-range-rwd-52","name":"Ford Explorer Standard Range RWD (52 kWh)","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":43464,"segment":"Compact BEV SUV","range":378,"kwhPer100mi":13.7,"kwhPer100km":13.7,"effDisplay":"13,7 kWh/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"vw-golf-15-tsi-115-life","slug":"vw-golf-15-tsi-115-life","name":"Volkswagen Golf 1.5 TSI 115 Life","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":26790,"segment":"Compact petrol hatch","mpg":18.519,"lPer100km":5.4,"effDisplay":"5,4 L/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"renault-clio-etech-hybrid-160-evolution","slug":"renault-clio-etech-hybrid-160-evolution","name":"Renault Clio full hybrid E-Tech 160 evolution","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":22290,"segment":"City hybrid hatch","mpg":25.641,"lPer100km":3.9,"effDisplay":"3,9 L/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"peugeot-208-style-12-turbo-100","slug":"peugeot-208-style-12-turbo-100","name":"Peugeot 208 Style 1.2 Turbo 100 (petrol)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":20230,"segment":"City petrol hatch","mpg":19.608,"lPer100km":5.1,"effDisplay":"5,1 L/100km (WLTP)","calcOnly":true},{"id":"toyota-yaris-cross-hybrid-116-dynamic","slug":"toyota-yaris-cross-hybrid-116-dynamic","name":"Toyota Yaris Cross 1.5 Hybrid 116 Dynamic","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":26925,"segment":"Compact hybrid SUV","mpg":22.727,"lPer100km":4.4,"effDisplay":"4,4 L/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"volvo-xc60-t6-awd-phev-essential","slug":"volvo-xc60-t6-awd-phev-essential","name":"Volvo XC60 T6 AWD plug-in hybrid (Essential)","year":2026,"powertrain":"PHEV","msrp":64323,"segment":"Premium PHEV SUV","mpg":12.195,"lPer100km":8.2,"effDisplay":"0,9 L/100km (WLTP)","calcOnly":true,"electricRangeKm":78,"electricKwhPer100mi":19.4,"electricKwhPer100km":19.4},{"id":"mercedes-benz-glc-400-4matic-eq","slug":"mercedes-benz-glc-400-4matic-eq","name":"Mercedes-Benz GLC 400 4MATIC with EQ Technology","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":70083,"segment":"Premium BEV SUV","range":713,"kwhPer100mi":14.9,"kwhPer100km":14.9,"effDisplay":"14,9 kWh/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"volvo-ex30-single-motor-extended-range-core","slug":"volvo-ex30-single-motor-extended-range-core","name":"Volvo EX30 Single Motor Extended Range Core","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":45623,"segment":"Compact BEV SUV","range":476,"kwhPer100mi":17.1,"kwhPer100km":17.1,"effDisplay":"17,1 kWh/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"volkswagen-tiguan-life-1-5-etsi-131","slug":"volkswagen-tiguan-life-1-5-etsi-131","name":"Volkswagen Tiguan Life 1.5 eTSI 131","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":41370,"segment":"compact-SUV","_source":"fleet-wave1 verified: Volkswagen Luxembourg (Losch importer) official price list, model year 2026 (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":15.625,"lPer100km":6.4,"effDisplay":"6,4 L/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"volkswagen-polo-life-1-0-tsi-95","slug":"volkswagen-polo-life-1-0-tsi-95","name":"Volkswagen Polo Life 1.0 TSI 95","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":26270,"segment":"supermini","_source":"fleet-wave1 verified: Volkswagen Luxembourg (Losch importer) official price list, model year 2026 (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":18.182,"lPer100km":5.5,"effDisplay":"5,5 L/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"volkswagen-t-cross-life-1-0-tsi-95","slug":"volkswagen-t-cross-life-1-0-tsi-95","name":"Volkswagen T-Cross Life 1.0 TSI 95","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":26640,"segment":"small-SUV","_source":"fleet-wave1 verified: Volkswagen Luxembourg (Losch importer) official price list, model year 2026 (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":17.241,"lPer100km":5.8,"effDisplay":"5,8 L/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"volkswagen-touareg-elegance-3-0-tdi-4motion-231","slug":"volkswagen-touareg-elegance-3-0-tdi-4motion-231","name":"Volkswagen Touareg Elegance 3.0 TDI 4Motion 231","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":73840,"segment":"large-SUV","_source":"fleet-wave1 verified: Volkswagen Luxembourg (Losch importer) official price list, model year 2026 (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":12.195,"lPer100km":8.2,"effDisplay":"8,2 L/100km (WLTP)","fuelType":"Diesel"},{"id":"kia-ev3-business-58-3-kwh-fwd","slug":"kia-ev3-business-58-3-kwh-fwd","name":"Kia EV3 Business 58.3 kWh FWD","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":36734,"segment":"compact-SUV","_source":"fleet-wave1 verified: Kia Luxembourg official price list (Prix et specifications au 01/06/2026), G-D Lux column (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","kwhPer100mi":14.9,"kwhPer100km":14.9,"range":436,"effDisplay":"14,9 kWh/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"kia-sportage-pure-1-6-t-gdi-150-mt6","slug":"kia-sportage-pure-1-6-t-gdi-150-mt6","name":"Kia Sportage Pure 1.6 T-GDi 150 MT6","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":34123,"segment":"compact-SUV","_source":"fleet-wave1 verified: Kia Luxembourg official price list (Prix et specifications au 17/04/2026), G-D Lux column (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":14.085,"lPer100km":7.1,"effDisplay":"7,1 L/100km (WLTP)"},{"id":"dacia-duster-essential-eco-g-120","slug":"dacia-duster-essential-eco-g-120","name":"Dacia Duster Essential Eco-G 120","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":19039,"segment":"compact-SUV","_source":"fleet-wave1 verified: Dacia Luxembourg official site, Duster prices & versions page (asOf 2026-07-07, conf high)","mpg":16.667,"lPer100km":6,"effDisplay":"6 L/100km (WLTP)"}],"_license":"EVCostIQ data compilation © 2026 EVCostIQ. Sourced & dated figures for personal planning use. Bulk extraction / redistribution of the compilation is prohibited; database/compilation rights asserted (UK/EU sui generis). Attribution required.","_attribution":{"name":"EVCostIQ","url":"https://evcostiq.com","methodology":"https://evcostiq.com/methodology/"},"_canonicalUrl":"https://evcostiq.com/data/lu.json","_canary":{"note":"Provenance watermark (documented). Not a data figure — do not use in calculations. Identical sentinel in EVCostIQ source = proof of origin.","sentinel":"a6e834085b7192b8","asOf":"2026-08-06"}}