{"_meta":{"country":"Malaysia","urlToken":"my","currency":"MYR","distanceUnit":"km","annualKm":15000,"asOf":"2026-07-10","note":"Kernel-ready Malaysia data (metric: km-as-miles + mpg=100/(L/100km) → RM). Petrol = BUDI95 subsidised RON95 RM1.99/L (MyKad-verified citizens, 200 L/month shared quota; unsubsidised market price RM3.37/L — the SUBSIDISED price most private owners pay is used, which flatters petrol cars honestly). Electricity RM0.46/kWh = TNB RP4 domestic blended average for a ~750 kWh/month household incl. EV charging (marginal cost of added EV units ≈RM0.73/kWh when crossing the 600 kWh AFA cliff; EC projects ~RM0.51 effective Aug–Oct 2026). EV road tax RM160/yr modeled (JPJ kW band 100–210 kW; band range RM80–575) vs RM90 for a 1.4–1.6 L saloon. CBU EV import/excise exemption ENDED 28 Dec 2025 (30%/5% duty + 10% excise now apply; CKD exempt to end-2027) — already in listed prices. Residual retention curves are ESTIMATES anchored at 5-yr BEV 0.40 / ICE 0.55 / HEV 0.58 (mudah.my/carlist asking prices, stereng/motorist guides; BEV least certain, band 0.35–0.45). Maintenance per-km and insurance are labeled estimates (anchors: Myvi ≈RM3.3k/5yr scheduled; BYD RM1,688/3yr package; comprehensive premiums RM100–150k class).","sources":"TNB RP4 (1 Jul 2025) + Energy Commission AFA Jul-2026 · MOF BUDI95 · paultan.org weekly fuel · JPJ LKM schedule + MOT EV bands (4 Jun 2024) · official Proton/BYD Sime/Tesla MY/Honda MY/Perodua price lists · mudah.my/carlist residual evidence — all accessed 2026-07-09/10."},"rate":{"name":"Malaysia","electricityRatePerKWh":0.46,"gasPricePerGallon":1.99,"fuelPerLitre":1.99,"baseRegFee":90,"evRoadUseFee":70,"evRoadUseFeeSource":"JPJ kW-band EV road tax from 1 Jan 2026 (exemption ended 31 Dec 2025): RM160/yr modeled for the 100–210 kW band that covers most listed EVs (band range RM80–575) vs RM90/yr for a 1,401–1,600 cc petrol saloon.","dieselPerLitre":2.1,"dieselSource":"BUDI Madani subsidised diesel RM2.10/L nationwide from 1 Jul 2026 (unsubsidised RM3.97/L) — paultan.org 30 Jun 2026"},"assumptions":{"chargingLossPct":{"value":0.12},"residualRetention":{"BEV":[1,0.7579,0.6421,0.5474,0.4632,0.4,0.3579,0.3158,0.2842,0.2631,0.2421],"ICE":[1,0.8039,0.7231,0.6539,0.5962,0.55,0.5038,0.4577,0.4231,0.3885,0.3539],"HEV":[1,0.808,0.724,0.652,0.616,0.58,0.532,0.484,0.448,0.412,0.376],"PHEV":[1,0.7627,0.6561,0.5849,0.5374,0.49,0.4426,0.3951,0.3595,0.3239,0.2883]},"maintenancePerMile":{"BEV":0.06,"ICE":0.1,"HEV":0.09,"PHEV":0.095},"insuranceAnnual":{"BEV":3200,"ICE":2600,"HEV":2900,"PHEV":3050},"regFeesAnnualBase":90,"publicVsHomeRateMultiple":{"value":3.5}},"incentives":[{"name":"CBU EV import + excise duty exemption — ENDED 28 Dec 2025","amountLocal":0,"status":"expired","note":"From January 2026, completely-built-up EVs pay 30% import duty (5% if China-built under ACFTA) + 10% excise + 10% sales tax; locally-assembled (CKD) EVs stay exempt until end-2027. Any effect is already inside the listed OTR prices — there is no cash rebate to add. Source: MAA / paultan.org, accessed 2026-07-10."},{"name":"EV road-tax exemption — ENDED 31 Dec 2025","amountLocal":0,"status":"expired","note":"From 1 Jan 2026 EVs pay the JPJ kW-based schedule (RM80–575/yr for the fleet listed here) — modeled in the totals as RM160/yr. Source: MOT announcement 4 Jun 2024; motorist.my 2026 guide."},{"name":"BUDI95 petrol subsidy (helps PETROL cars)","amountLocal":0,"status":"active","note":"Eligible Malaysians pay RM1.99/L for RON95 (MyKad-verified, 200 L/month combined quota with BUDI diesel); the market price is RM3.37/L. The subsidised price is used in these totals — an honest tailwind for petrol and hybrid cars. Source: MOF / paultan.org, 8 Jul 2026."}],"vehicles":[{"id":"proton-e-mas-5-premium-my","slug":"proton-e-mas-5-premium","name":"Proton e.MAS 5 Premium","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":72800,"segment":"B-segment hatchback","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: OTR without insurance, private registration, Peninsular Malaysia — official Proton price list (Version May 2026, effective 17 May 2026). Limited-time Special Launch Price RM69,800 also on that list. Prime variant: RM59,800 (launch RM56,800). — https://emas.proton.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/PROTON-eMAS-5-Price-List-Peninsular-Malaysia.pdf (2026-05-17)","range":325,"kwhPer100mi":12.4,"kwhPer100km":12.4,"effDisplay":"12.4 kWh/100km (est.)","effSource":"ESTIMATE: 40.16 kWh battery ÷ 325 km WLTP range × 100 (official Proton e.MAS 5 specs); no official WLTP consumption figure published; excludes charging losses"},{"id":"proton-e-mas-7-prime-my","slug":"proton-e-mas-7-prime","name":"Proton e.MAS 7 Prime","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":103800,"segment":"C-segment SUV","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: OTR without insurance, Peninsular Malaysia — CKD launch price per paultan.org 11 Mar 2026; RM99,800 after limited-time RM4,000 rebate. Premium: RM119,800 (RM115,800 after rebate); Premium Plus RM125,800 OTR added 11 Jun 2026 (RM118,800 after RM7,000 launch reb — https://paultan.org/2026/03/11/2026-proton-emas-7-ev-ckd-now-in-showrooms-two-variants-equipment-upgrades-from-rm99800/ (2026-03-11)","range":345,"kwhPer100mi":14.4,"kwhPer100km":14.4,"effDisplay":"14.4 kWh/100km (est.)","effSource":"ESTIMATE: 49.52 kWh battery ÷ 345 km WLTP range × 100 (specs per paultan.org CKD launch report); no official WLTP consumption published; excludes charging losses"},{"id":"byd-atto-3-ultra-my","slug":"byd-atto-3-ultra","name":"BYD Atto 3 Ultra","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":125800,"segment":"C-segment SUV","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: Nett launch price (Malaysian OTR-without-insurance convention), facelift launched 5 Jun 2026 per paultan.org. Note: BYD Sime Motors' official brochure PDF still hosted (prices effective 1 Jan 2026, pre-facelift Ultra) states OTR without insurance RM124,660 per — https://paultan.org/2026/06/05/byd-atto-3-facelift-in-malaysia-fwd-and-rwd-evo-up-to-313-ps-510-km-wltp-220-kw-dcfc-from-rm126k/ (2026-06-05)","range":420,"kwhPer100mi":14.4,"kwhPer100km":14.4,"effDisplay":"14.4 kWh/100km (est.)","effSource":"ESTIMATE: 60.48 kWh Blade LFP ÷ 420 km WLTP range × 100 (paultan.org facelift launch report, 5 Jun 2026); no official consumption figure published; excludes charging losses"},{"id":"byd-m6-standard-range-my","slug":"byd-m6-standard-range","name":"BYD M6 Standard Range","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":110600,"segment":"7-seat MPV","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: ON-THE-ROAD PRICE (WITHOUT INSURANCE), personal registration, West Malaysia — official BYD Sime Motors 2026 brochure (RRP RM109,800 + road tax/registration/fees; prices effective 1 Jan 2026, confirmed still hosted 10 Jul 2026). Extended Range: RM124,660 OTR w/ — https://byd.simemotors.my/pub/media/wysiwyg/2026-spec-price/BYD_26_M6_Brochure_WM.pdf (2026-01-01)","range":420,"kwhPer100mi":13.2,"kwhPer100km":13.2,"effDisplay":"13.2 kWh/100km (NEDC-derived)","effSource":"ESTIMATE: 55.4 kWh Blade LFP ÷ 420 km range × 100 — CAUTION: 420 km is NEDC (official brochure publishes NEDC only, no WLTP figure exists for MY-spec M6); excludes charging losses"},{"id":"byd-dolphin-dynamic-standard-range-my","slug":"byd-dolphin-dynamic-standard-range","name":"BYD Dolphin Dynamic Standard Range","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":100740,"segment":"B/C-segment hatchback","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: ON-THE-ROAD PRICE (WITHOUT INSURANCE), personal registration, West Malaysia — official BYD Sime Motors 2026 brochure (RRP RM100,000; prices effective 1 Jan 2026, confirmed hosted 10 Jul 2026). Premium Extended Range: RM125,760 OTR w/o insurance. — https://byd.simemotors.my/pub/media/wysiwyg/2026-spec-price/BYD_26_DOLPHIN_Brochure_WM.pdf (2026-01-01)","range":340,"kwhPer100mi":13.2,"kwhPer100km":13.2,"effDisplay":"13.2 kWh/100km (NEDC-derived)","effSource":"ESTIMATE: 44.9 kWh Blade LFP ÷ 340 km WLTP range × 100 (official brochure quotes WLTP 340 km / NEDC 410 km); no official consumption figure; excludes charging losses"},{"id":"byd-seal-premium-my","slug":"byd-seal-premium","name":"BYD Seal Premium","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":171800,"segment":"D-segment sedan","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: Nett price (OTR-without-insurance convention) set at Aug 2025 update per paultan.org; carried unchanged into 2026 lineup per byd.simemotors.my model page checked 10 Jul 2026. Performance AWD: RM191,800. — https://paultan.org/2025/08/22/byd-seal-updated-in-malaysia-new-wheels-adaptive-dampers-powered-shade-for-sunroof-fr-rm171800/ (2025-08-22)","range":570,"kwhPer100mi":14.5,"kwhPer100km":14.5,"effDisplay":"14.5 kWh/100km (est.)","effSource":"ESTIMATE: 82.5 kWh Blade LFP ÷ 570 km WLTP range × 100 (paultan.org spec report; BYD spec sheets list 82.56 kWh — same result to 1 dp); no official consumption figure published; excludes charging losses"},{"id":"tesla-model-3-standard-my","slug":"tesla-model-3-standard","name":"Tesla Model 3 Standard","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":147600,"segment":"D-segment sedan","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: Tesla Malaysia published price (excl. insurance), launched 23 Jan 2026 per paultan.org; Tesla confirmed MY prices unchanged for 2026 (paultan.org 6 Jan 2026) and maintained after the 1 Jul 2026 MITI CBU ruling — new orders at unchanged prices (paultan.org 1 Ju — https://paultan.org/2026/01/23/tesla-model-3-standard-malaysia/ (2026-01-23)","range":534,"kwhPer100mi":11.7,"kwhPer100km":11.7,"effDisplay":"11.7 kWh/100km (est.)","effSource":"ESTIMATE WITH ASSUMPTION: Tesla does not publish MY-spec battery capacity; assumes the Premium RWD sibling's 62.5 kWh LFP pack ÷ 534 km WLTP × 100. Official WLTP consumption unavailable (tesla.com/en_my and evkx.net retu"},{"id":"tesla-model-y-standard-range-rwd-my","slug":"tesla-model-y-standard-range-rwd","name":"Tesla Model Y Standard Range RWD","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":195450,"segment":"D-segment SUV","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: Tesla Malaysia published price (excl. insurance) per paultan.org 16 Jan 2026 update (two-variant 2026 lineup, fr RM195,450); Tesla maintained pricing as of 1 Jul 2026 (paultan.org). NAMING NOTE: paultan's 1 Jul 2026 report refers to this same RM195,450 entry R — https://paultan.org/2026/01/16/2026-tesla-model-y-updated-in-malaysia-two-variants-now-with-16-inch-screen-black-headlining-fr-rm195k/ (2026-01-16)","range":466,"kwhPer100mi":13.4,"kwhPer100km":13.4,"effDisplay":"13.4 kWh/100km (est.)","effSource":"ESTIMATE WITH ASSUMPTION: battery ~62.5 kWh LFP from secondary sources only (Tesla does not publish it; pcauto/metafin) ÷ 466 km WLTP (paultan.org) × 100; official WLTP consumption unavailable (Tesla MY site 403); exclud"},{"id":"perodua-qv-e-my","slug":"perodua-qv-e","name":"Perodua QV-E","year":2026,"powertrain":"BEV","msrp":87499,"segment":"B-segment SUV","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: OTR without insurance, Peninsular Malaysia, outright (battery included) — repriced 15 Jun 2026 per paultan.org; includes RM6,500 rebate valid to 30 Sep 2026. Alternative BaaS battery-lease price: RM63,499 + RM215/month for 9 years. East Malaysia ~RM3k more. — https://paultan.org/2026/06/15/perodua-qv-e-gets-new-lower-pricing-rm63499-with-baas-battery-leasing-rm87499-for-outright-purchase/ (2026-06-15)","range":370,"kwhPer100mi":14.2,"kwhPer100km":14.2,"effDisplay":"14.2 kWh/100km (est.)","effSource":"ESTIMATE: 52.5 kWh CATL LFP ÷ 370 km WLTP range × 100 (paultan.org launch specs); no official consumption figure published; excludes charging losses"},{"id":"perodua-myvi-1-5-h-my","slug":"perodua-myvi-1-5-h","name":"Perodua Myvi 1.5 H","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":54900,"segment":"B-segment hatchback","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: OTR Peninsular Malaysia without insurance, current Perodua list price. NOTE: perodua.com.my was unreachable (DNS geo-block) from this environment; price verified via paultan.org buyer's guide (22 Jun 2026), ZigWheels MY variant list and dealer spec page myvi.c — https://paultan.org/2026/06/22/perodua-myvi-price-specs-variants-and-the-next-gen/ (2026-06-22)","range":null,"mpg":21.277,"lPer100km":4.7,"effDisplay":"4.7 L/100km","effSource":"Perodua claimed 21.1 km/L (= 4.7 L/100km), measured under ECE mode with the Eco Idle system, per myvi.com.my 1.5 H spec sheet; PCauto MY spec database lists 4.7 L/100km for all Myvi 1.5 variants. Real-world reports run 1"},{"id":"perodua-bezza-1-3-x-at-my","slug":"perodua-bezza-1-3-x-at","name":"Perodua Bezza 1.3 X AT","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":43980,"segment":"A-segment budget sedan","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: OTR without insurance, standing Perodua list price (Feb 2023 revision, unchanged); cross-verified on ZigWheels MY (July 2026 listing) and CarBase.my, both RM43,980. Official perodua.com.my unreachable from this environment — https://www.zigwheels.my/new-cars/perodua/bezza (2026-07-10)","range":null,"mpg":20.833,"lPer100km":4.8,"effDisplay":"4.8 L/100km","effSource":"Manufacturer-claimed 4.8 L/100km (~21 km/L) for 1.3 X AT per ZigWheels MY and CarBase.my spec listings — claimed figure via aggregators, not independently confirmed on Perodua's site; owners report 14-20 km/L real-world"},{"id":"proton-saga-1-5-premium-mc3-my","slug":"proton-saga-1-5-premium-mc3","name":"Proton Saga 1.5 Premium (MC3)","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":49990,"segment":"B-segment budget sedan","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: OTR without insurance. Launched 27 Nov 2025; regular list price RM49,990, launch price RM48,990 only with RM1,000 early-bird rebate that expired 31 Dec 2025 (paultan.org launch report). RM49,990 confirmed current on ZigWheels MY price page, 10 Jul 2026 — https://paultan.org/2025/11/27/2026-proton-saga-mc3-launched-standard-rm38k-executive-rm44k-premium-rm49k-120-ps-1-5l-4-cyl/ (2026-07-10)","range":null,"mpg":20.408,"lPer100km":4.9,"effDisplay":"4.9 L/100km","effSource":"Proton official combined FC on Malaysian Driving Cycle: 4.9 L/100km for Premium (Punch CVT; Standard/Executive 4AT are 5.1) — paultan.org launch report, 27 Nov 2025"},{"id":"proton-x50-1-5t-executive-my","slug":"proton-x50-1-5t-executive","name":"Proton X50 1.5T Executive","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":89800,"segment":"B-segment SUV","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: OTR without insurance, official launch list price of 24 Jul 2025 (paultan.org launch report; Proton markets it as the All-New X50), still listed by CarBase.my as current on 10 Jul 2026. Time-limited RM4,000 launch rebate (first 10,000 customers, to 31 Oct 2025 — https://paultan.org/2025/07/24/2025-proton-x50-facelift-launched-major-redesign-181-ps-1-5l-turbo-4-cyl-rm4k-rebate-fr-rm86k/ (2025-07-24)","range":null,"mpg":15.625,"lPer100km":6.4,"effDisplay":"6.4 L/100km","effSource":"ESTIMATE — Proton has not published a standalone official FC for the 2025 181 PS 1.5T i-GT engine. Previous-gen 1.5 TGDi official NEDC was 6.4 L/100km (paultan.org, 22 Sep 2020); Proton claims the new engine is up to 4.7"},{"id":"honda-city-1-5l-v-my","slug":"honda-city-1-5l-v","name":"Honda City 1.5L V","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":94900,"segment":"B-segment sedan","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: Official Honda Malaysia price list, 'Retail Price Without Insurance' (OTR w/o insurance), Peninsular Malaysia, list valid from 10 Aug 2023 onwards — fetched live from honda.com.my on 10 Jul 2026; paultan.org (4 Dec 2025 lineup update) confirms no price change — https://www.honda.com.my/model/city/pricing (2026-07-10)","range":null,"mpg":17.857,"lPer100km":5.6,"effDisplay":"5.6 L/100km","effSource":"Manufacturer-claimed 5.6 L/100km for all City 1.5 petrol variants per PCauto MY spec database (Honda Malaysia does not publish FC on its price list)"},{"id":"honda-city-1-5l-e-hev-rs-my","slug":"honda-city-1-5l-e-hev-rs","name":"Honda City 1.5L e:HEV RS","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":111900,"segment":"B-segment sedan","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: Official Honda Malaysia price list, 'Retail Price Without Insurance' (OTR w/o insurance), Peninsular Malaysia, list valid from 10 Aug 2023 onwards — fetched live from honda.com.my on 10 Jul 2026; paultan.org (4 Dec 2025) confirms price unchanged when 360-degre — https://www.honda.com.my/model/city/pricing (2026-07-10)","range":null,"mpg":27.778,"lPer100km":3.6,"effDisplay":"3.6 L/100km","effSource":"Honda-claimed 3.6 L/100km (27.8 km/L), corroborated by paultan.org City RS e:HEV review (27 Jan 2022) and PCauto MY spec database; real-world tests report 4.2-4.9 L/100km"},{"id":"toyota-vios-1-5-g-at-my","slug":"toyota-vios-1-5-g-at","name":"Toyota Vios 1.5 G AT","year":2026,"powertrain":"ICE","msrp":96600,"segment":"B-segment sedan","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: OTR without insurance, Peninsular Malaysia. UMW Toyota revised Vios prices effective 1 Jan 2026 (spare tyre now standard): 1.5G rose RM95,500 to RM96,600, 1.5E RM89,600 to RM90,600. Confirmed on CarBase.my 2026 1.5G listing, checked 10 Jul 2026; ZigWheels MY p — https://www.carbase.my/toyota/vios/ngc102/1.5g-2026 (2026-07-10)","range":null,"mpg":19.231,"lPer100km":5.2,"effDisplay":"5.2 L/100km","effSource":"Manufacturer-claimed 5.2 L/100km for Vios 1.5E/1.5G AT (DNGA gen) per CarBase.my and PCauto MY spec databases; Toyota MY does not print FC on the model page"},{"id":"toyota-corolla-cross-1-8-hev-my","slug":"toyota-corolla-cross-1-8-hev","name":"Toyota Corolla Cross 1.8 HEV","year":2026,"powertrain":"HEV","msrp":140800,"segment":"C-segment SUV","_source":"Gate-verified 2026-07-10: OTR without insurance per paultan.org Corolla Cross Malaysia buyer's guide dated 21 Jun 2026 (1.8V petrol RM133,800 / 1.8 HEV RM140,800 / HEV GR Sport RM148,800); RM140,800 and RM148,800 cross-verified on ZigWheels MY and Lowyat.NET, 10 Jul 2026. Includes 8-yr — https://paultan.org/2026/06/21/toyota-corolla-cross-malaysia-2026-buyers-guide-price-specs-and-how-it-compares-to-rivals/ (2026-06-21)","range":null,"mpg":23.256,"lPer100km":4.3,"effDisplay":"4.3 L/100km","effSource":"Toyota official claim 23.3 km/L (= 4.3 L/100km) for the 1.8 HEV, cited in paultan.org buyer's guide, 21 Jun 2026"}],"_license":"EVCostIQ data compilation © 2026 EVCostIQ. Sourced & dated figures for personal planning use. Bulk extraction / redistribution of the compilation is prohibited; database/compilation rights asserted (UK/EU sui generis). Attribution required.","_attribution":{"name":"EVCostIQ","url":"https://evcostiq.com","methodology":"https://evcostiq.com/methodology/"},"_canonicalUrl":"https://evcostiq.com/data/my.json","_canary":{"note":"Provenance watermark (documented). Not a data figure — do not use in calculations. Identical sentinel in EVCostIQ source = proof of origin.","sentinel":"0103676a5fc713d1","asOf":"2026-08-06"}}